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Photoelectric sensors have the task of optical information into electrical signals can be evaluated to convert. Here we restrict ourselves mainly to visible light and infrared radiation and ultraviolet light. Basis of optical sensors is the conversion of the signals by means of quantum mechanical effects of light.

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For example, the outer photocell photoelectric effect. Optical sensors can also be based on the internal photoelectric effect, then they are made of semiconductors, which arise in the action of light cargo carrier that alter the electrical properties of the material. The incident light therefore causes either a change in electrical conductivity (photo resistor) or a photo-voltage (photodiode or photocell). A variant of the internal photoelectric effect, the barrier layer photo effect, it is used in phototransistors and photodiodes. Optical sensors in digital still and video cameras (CMOS and CCD sensor), and in pattern recognition (eg, barcode scanners) are often referred to as image sensors.

Technical applications are optical sensors, especially in automation technology. Here, they are used in addition to simple detection tasks including at position measurements (eg light barrier), speed and angle measurement (eg, incremental) and in the distance measurement.

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